The purpose of the current research was to investigate the obstacles to the implementation of school-based management in Iran's educational system based on the interpretive structural modeling approach. The research method was a modeling study. The statistical population of the research was specifically the academic staff members of the university, 25 of whom were purposefully selected from the desired cases. The data collection tool was a researcher-made self-interactive questionnaire. In order to measure and evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the criterion of content validity was used. The content validity of the questionnaire was 0.96. The data analysis was done with interpretive structural modeling method. The results of the research showed that 9 factors play a role as barriers to school-oriented management. Also, the results showed that financial obstacles (the cost of school-oriented management), socio-cultural obstacles and political obstacles (political focus on schools by the central government) as key independent variables have high influence power and low dependence. Also, the results showed that the lack of belief in the professional competence of school administrators, the lack of infrastructure facilities, the emphasis of upper management on the supervision and control of schools, and the lack of cooperation of local communities with school-based management as the linking variables with the greatest power of influence and the greatest power of dependence. and the centralism in the education system of the country and the lack of legal powers to school managers and staff as dependent variables have high dependency power and low influence power.

2Dear Editor, At present is the era of tremendous changes in human knowledge. The importance of knowledge transfers and the use of research results for decision makers, as a supplement to knowledge production, is increasing in developed and developing countries. In Iran, knowledge-based development is one of the pillars of the country's 20-year vision. Nevertheless, despite three decades of efforts in knowledge translation produced in medical sciences, the status of knowledge transfers and exchange is not satisfactory. On the other hand, due to the large amount of time, money and energy that is spent on conducting research, greater effectiveness and optimal use of its results are always the concern of managers and executives at all levels. In such a situation, it is necessary to move from the current situation to the ideal situation through review the current process, formulate intervention and solutions based on the existing context and platform, modify and improve the current trends.

In any organization, by spending much time and money, the results of thoughts, activities, and actions are obtained in form of documents. These documents contain valuable information and experiences which have important role in elevating the organizational goals, and are considered as one of the important management tools in preparing administrative programs and decisions. Therefore, the main concern of any organization is to maintain and manage its documents properly. In this article, we describe a step by step method for designing and implementing an electronic management system of the organizations' documents. The documents' classification based on different tree structures, such as organizational structure, document type, and the nature of the projects, is among the characteristics of the proposed method. In order to code the technical documents, an efficient pattern is also presented. The obtained results from implementing the mentioned method in Assistant Engineering and Development of Alborz Province Water & Wastewater Company are an indication of its efficiency.

Purpose: Lack of enough understanding of the knowledge management system (KMS), including the definition, components as well as the success factors in it, is among the main elements of failure in the knowledge management projects.The present work attempts to enlighten the concept of KMS and the related components.Methodology: This work in addition to detailed reviewing of the KMS, studies the concept of KMS extracted from 290 papers in SCUPUS database using content analysis method. It further identifies and classifies the definitions, approaches, elements and success factors of the KMS.Findings: Review of the related literature resulted in identification of 5 topics, respectively as: success factors of KMS, benefits of using them, components and elements of KMS instruments and technologies of KMS, and approaches to KMS. It we also revealed that there is a great overlap between the concepts of KM and KMS.Originality/Value: This is among the first researches that deals with reviewing the texts related to KM. Hence, it develops a new front in the field of KM.

Objective: This study aimed to measure the level of knowledge management maturity in the drug control headquarters to establish a knowledge management system. Method: The statistical population in the quantitative part of all anti-drug stakeholders, including managers, staff and drug control experts, staff members of headquarters and non-governmental organizations, is estimated at more than 4, 000 people. The number of statistical samples is 384 individual and the method of selecting the sample is stratified random. The qualitative part of the statistical population included 35 experts in the field of drug control. The Delphi method was used to collect research data in the qualitative research stage and a questionnaire was used in the quantitative research stage. Results: The results of the research showed that the drug control headquarters, in evaluating the 6 levels of measuring the level of knowledge management maturity, is higher than the average in the technology dimension and has a relatively better situation compared to other dimensions and it is at the lowest level in the human resources dimension, despite its importance as a key dimension in the readiness to establish knowledge management in the organization. Conclusion: According to the results and based on the model of assessing the level of maturity of knowledge management, the drug control headquarters, this headquarters is placed in the second level of evaluation (initial level) in evaluating the indicators of measuring the level of maturity.

knowledge management is an approach enabling the pioneer organizations have benefited from it in an appropriate manner. knowledge management as a system of two aspects of the organization and structure that success and its intelligence on the basis of its structure coupled with other organizational systems and subsystems are defined. The focus of this paper is to identify coupling and success factors of knowledge management system based on a coupling with other organization's subsystems. In this research, the first, coupling structure components of knowledge management system identified then with factor analysis the significance of each of the subsystems of the knowledge management system was evaluated, then by using statistical techniques the importance of subsystems in coupling prioritized. In this study, the success of a knowledge management system in organization with coupling structure approach is considered. This approach, causing greater compatibility knowledge management system with other subsystems base of priority of coupling and intelligent knowledge management system in the organization provides.